Abstract When should you claim a pension (such as social security) in the US? Much current advice focuses on the increase in the annual pension benefit as individuals delay claiming a pension, an increase due to the actuarial fairness of the system.However, individuals face two risks: whether they live to the planned claiming age, and how long they
Abstract Microbial decomposition drives the transformation of plant-derived substrates into microbial products that form stable soil organic matter (SOM).Recent theories have posited that decomposition depends on an interaction between SOM chemistry with microbial diversity and resulting function (e.g., enzymatic capabilities, growth rates).Here, w
Abstract Background SPATULA (SPT) and ALCATRAZ (ALC) are recent paralogs that belong to the large bHLH transcription factor family.Orthologs of these genes have been found in all core eudicots, whereas pre-duplication genes, named paleoSPATULA/ALCATRAZ, have been found in basal eudicots, monocots, basal angiosperms and gymnosperms.Nevertheless, fun
This study observes the chronic and intricate problems of poverty, which require an adequate analysis accommodating every single component of the problems.Proper strategic and sustainable measures are also required to solve the problems.Some variables used for analysis result a set of strategies and policies to eradicate poverty.Most of the governm